Peptide database
215 research peptides with mechanisms, sequences, and linked studies — each backed by PubMed citations.
Insulin decreases blood glucose concentration.
Essential redox cofactor and sirtuin/PARP substrate whose restoration is studied for mitochondrial and metabolic aging.
CNTF-derived peptidergic compound that promotes neurogenesis and reduces tau pathology in preclinical Alzheimer's models.
Parathyroid hormone elevates calcium level by dissolving the salts in bone and preventing their renal excretion .
Endogenous cyclic peptide that inhibits GH, insulin, glucagon, and gastric secretion via SSTR1-5 receptors.
Calcitonin is a peptide hormone that causes a rapid but short-lived drop in the level of calcium and phosphate in blood by promoting the incorporation of those ions in the bones.
Nonapeptide posterior pituitary hormone driving uterine contraction and milk letdown; studied intranasally for social cognition.
28-aa neuropeptide acting on VPAC1/2 receptors; vasodilatory, bronchodilatory, and anti-inflammatory.
The carboxylated form is one of the main organic components of the bone matrix, which constitutes 1-2% of the total bone protein .
Gastrin stimulates the stomach mucosa to produce and secrete hydrochloric acid and the pancreas to secrete its digestive enzymes.
This peptide hormone induces gall bladder contraction and the release of pancreatic enzymes in the gut.
Endogenous 28-aa 'hunger hormone' from the stomach; activates GHS-R1a to stimulate GH release and appetite.
Thyroid hormone-binding protein.
Long-acting somatostatin analog that inhibits GH, glucagon, and gut hormone secretion; used for acromegaly and neuroendocrine tumors.
Hormone involved in different processes, such as regulation of the pH of the duodenal content, food intake and water homeostasis .
Liver-produced hormone that constitutes the main circulating regulator of iron absorption and distribution across tissues.
Hormone that seems to suppress insulin ability to stimulate glucose uptake into adipose cells .
Once-daily acylated GLP-1 receptor agonist for type 2 diabetes and chronic weight management.
Long-acting GLP-1 receptor agonist that improves glycemic control, slows gastric emptying, and reduces appetite.
Selective V2-receptor vasopressin analog that concentrates urine; used for diabetes insipidus, nocturnal enuresis, and bleeding disorders.
38-aa neuropeptide of the VIP/secretin family acting on PAC1 receptors; neuroprotective and vasoregulatory.
Ligand for neuropeptide Y receptor type 1 and neuropeptide Y receptor type 2 .
Recombinant PTH(1-34) that, given intermittently, stimulates osteoblastic bone formation; approved for severe osteoporosis.
Peptide hormone that functions as endogenous ligand for the G protein-coupled apelin receptor , that plays a role in cadiovascular homeostasis .
Exendin-4-based GLP-1 receptor agonist from Gila monster venom; first-in-class incretin mimetic.
Human cathelicidin antimicrobial peptide with broad-spectrum antibacterial, immunomodulatory, and wound-healing activity.
GnRH agonist that suppresses gonadotropin and sex-steroid production after initial stimulation; used in prostate cancer, endometriosis, and precocious puberty.
Dual GIP/GLP-1 receptor agonist delivering potent glucose lowering and weight reduction.
33-aa hypothalamic neuropeptide acting on OX1/OX2 receptors to promote wakefulness and arousal.
Amylin/IAPP is a glucoregulatory peptide hormone that plays an important role in the regulation of energy homeostasis .
Hormone which plays a role in endochondral ossification through regulation of cartilaginous growth plate chondrocytes proliferation and differentiation .
Hormone that plays a central role in whole body adaptation to stress .
Once-weekly GLP-1 receptor agonist fused to an IgG4 Fc fragment for extended half-life.
Depot somatostatin analog inhibiting GH/IGF-1 and neuroendocrine secretion; approved for acromegaly and GEP-NETs.
Long-acting GnRH agonist that after initial flare downregulates pituitary receptors, suppressing sex hormones for prostate cancer and endometriosis.
36-aa HIV gp41 fusion inhibitor that blocks viral entry into CD4 cells; first-in-class antiretroviral fusion inhibitor.
Selective bradykinin B2 receptor antagonist decapeptide approved for acute attacks of hereditary angioedema.
Short-acting exendin-4-based GLP-1 receptor agonist with pronounced gastric-emptying delay.
Has bactericidal activity. May act as a ligand for C-C chemokine receptor CCR6. Positively regulates the sperm motility and bactericidal activity in a CCR6-dependent manner. Binds to CCR6 and triggers Ca2+ mobilization i…
Antimicrobial protein that kills intracellular pathogens.
First-generation ghrelin receptor agonist hexapeptide that stimulates GH release and strongly increases appetite.
Porcine brain-derived peptide preparation with neurotrophic-factor-like activity studied in stroke, TBI, and dementia.
28-aa thymic peptide that enhances T-cell maturation and TLR signaling; approved in many countries for hepatitis and as an immune adjuvant.
43-aa actin-sequestering peptide that drives cell migration, angiogenesis, and repair in cardiac, corneal, and dermal tissue.
Mitochondrial-derived 24-aa peptide with cytoprotective, anti-apoptotic, and insulin-sensitizing effects in aging and neurodegeneration models.
Guanylate cyclase-C agonist 14-aa peptide that increases intestinal fluid secretion and transit; approved for IBS-C and chronic constipation.
Amylin analog adjunct to insulin that slows gastric emptying, suppresses glucagon, and increases satiety.
Ligand for NPSR1 . Binds to its receptor with nanomolar affinity and initiates a G /GNAQ-dependent phospholipase C-activating signaling pathway. This results in Ca mobilization from intracellular stores and increased int…
PTHrP(1-34) analog that selectively favors bone anabolism with less hypercalcemia than teriparatide; approved for osteoporosis.
Zinc-dependent thymic nonapeptide that regulates T-cell differentiation and has analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects.
Precursor of neuropeptides that bind to all somatostatin receptor subtypes .
GLP-2 receptor agonist that promotes intestinal mucosal growth and absorption; approved for short bowel syndrome.
KISS1R agonist decapeptide that triggers hypothalamic GnRH release, upstream regulator of reproductive hormone axis.
Synthetic GnRH decapeptide that stimulates pituitary LH and FSH release; used diagnostically and to support gonadal function.
May play a role in neuropeptide signaling processes.
Potent GHRP-family ghrelin receptor agonist with studied cardioprotective effects independent of GH release.
Stimulates prolactin release and regulates the expression of prolactin through its receptor GPR10.
Lysozymes have primarily a bacteriolytic function; those in tissues and body fluids are associated with the monocyte-macrophage system and enhance the activity of immunoagents
NCAM-derived FG-loop peptide that activates FGFR1 to enhance synaptic plasticity and memory in animal models.
May function as an output molecule from the suprachiasmatic nucleus that transmits behavioral circadian rhythm.
Plays a role as a central modulator of cardiovascular and renal function and nociception.
Hormone that plays a central role in whole body adaptation to stress .
Mitochondrial-derived 16-aa peptide that activates AMPK and improves insulin sensitivity and metabolic homeostasis.
Found in sweat, has an antimicrobial activity during early bacterial colonization .
Gastric-juice-derived pentadecapeptide that promotes angiogenesis (VEGF) and tissue repair via FAK-paxillin and NO-system modulation.
ACTH(4-10)-derived heptapeptide that elevates BDNF and modulates the melanocortin system; used clinically in Russia for stroke and cognition.
Synthetic hexapeptide ghrelin receptor agonist that potently stimulates GH secretion; also raises appetite, cortisol, and prolactin.
Mitochondria-targeting tetrapeptide that binds cardiolipin on the inner membrane to stabilize cristae and restore ATP production.
Bovine cortex-derived polypeptide complex used clinically in Eastern Europe for encephalopathy and cognitive disorders.
Non-selective melanocortin receptor agonist that stimulates melanogenesis (tanning) and increases libido via MC1R/MC4R.
Mechanically activated IGF-1 splice variant that activates muscle satellite cells for repair and hypertrophy.
Hypothalamic neuropeptide which binds to the G-protein-coupled galanin receptors .
Has an antimicrobial activity
Triple GIP/GLP-1/glucagon receptor agonist in phase 3 trials showing the largest weight reductions of any incretin therapy to date.
Histatins are cationic and histidine-rich secreted peptides mainly synthesized by saliva glands of humans and higher primates .
Involved in oxygen transport from the lung to the various peripheral tissues
Uroguanylin-analog GC-C agonist that promotes pH-dependent intestinal fluid secretion; approved for chronic idiopathic constipation and IBS-C.
LA-PF4 stimulates DNA synthesis, mitosis, glycolysis, intracellular cAMP accumulation, prostaglandin E2 secretion, and synthesis of hyaluronic acid and sulfated glycosaminoglycan.
Seems to play a role in testicular function.
Selective MC1R agonist approved (Scenesse) to prevent phototoxicity in erythropoietic protoporphyria by stimulating eumelanin.
Acid-stable proteinase inhibitor with strong affinities for trypsin, chymotrypsin, elastase, and cathepsin G .
Melanocortin MC4R agonist approved for hypoactive sexual desire disorder; acts centrally to increase sexual arousal.
Stabilized GHRH analog approved for HIV-associated lipodystrophy; reduces visceral adipose tissue via GH/IGF-1 axis stimulation.
C-terminal tripeptide of α-MSH with anti-inflammatory action via PepT1 uptake and NF-κB inhibition, studied in IBD models.
Synthetic dipeptide (Glu-Trp) immunomodulator used in Eastern Europe to restore immune balance during infection and immunodeficiency.
May be involved in the regulation of feeding, neuroendocrine system, memory, learning and in the afferent pain pathway
Long-acting amylin analog in trials for obesity, including combination with semaglutide (CagriSema).
Proline-containing dipeptide prodrug of cycloprolylglycine; increases BDNF/NGF expression with nootropic and anxiolytic effects.
8-aa fragment of activity-dependent neuroprotective protein (ADNP) that stabilizes microtubules; trialed in PSP and schizophrenia.
Serine protease inhibitor that plays an essential role in male reproduction and fertility.
Histatins are cationic and histidine-rich peptides mainly found in the saliva of higher primates .
Copper-binding tripeptide that stimulates collagen synthesis, wound healing, and remodeling gene expression.
PSD-95 inhibitor peptide that uncouples NMDA-receptor excitotoxic signaling; studied in acute ischemic stroke (ESCAPE-NA1).
Induces production of reactive oxygen species which are necessary for cell proliferation.
Tuftsin-derived heptapeptide with anxiolytic and nootropic effects via GABAergic modulation and enkephalin stabilization.
Dual glucagon/GLP-1 receptor agonist in phase 3 for obesity and MASH.
Precursor of the appetite-regulating peptide ghrelin, including ghrelin-27 and ghrelin-28
Khavinson tetrapeptide reported to activate telomerase and normalize pineal melatonin rhythms in aging models.
Host-defense peptide that contributes to intestinal innate immunity and mediates homeostasis at mucosal surfaces by forming higher-order oligomers that capture bacteria and prevent microbial invasion of the epithelium .
Hormone that acts as a regulator of dendritic growth in the developing cerebral cortex in response to sensory experience .
S100A8 is a calcium- and zinc-binding protein which plays a prominent role in the regulation of inflammatory processes and immune response.
Selective ghrelin receptor (GHS-R1a) agonist that stimulates GH release with minimal effect on cortisol or prolactin.
Effector molecule of the innate immune system that acts via antibiotic-like properties against a broad array of infectious agents including bacteria, fungi, and viruses or by promoting the activation and maturation of so…
Tight-junction-regulating octapeptide that reduces intestinal permeability ('leaky gut'); trialed as an adjunct for celiac disease.
S100A9 is a calcium- and zinc-binding protein which plays a prominent role in the regulation of inflammatory processes and immune response .
GLP-1/glucagon dual receptor agonist in late-stage trials for obesity and type 2 diabetes.
CGRP1/CALCA is a peptide hormone that induces vasodilation mediated by the CALCRL-RAMP1 receptor complex .
Cleaves preferentially after uridine bases .
Highly potent vasoconstrictor
Orally active ghrelin receptor agonist approved as a diagnostic agent for adult growth hormone deficiency.
Tetrasubstituted GHRH(1-29) analog with improved enzymatic stability that amplifies pulsatile GH secretion.
Albumin-binding (DAC) GHRH analog producing sustained, multi-day elevation of GH and IGF-1.
Cardiac hormone that plays a key role in mediating cardio-renal homeostasis .
Acts as a ligand for C-C chemokine receptor CCR6.
Truncated IGF-1 variant with high local potency and short half-life, studied for site-specific muscle growth.
Activin-binding glycoprotein that antagonizes myostatin (GDF-8) to release the brake on skeletal muscle growth.
Tachykinins are active peptides which excite neurons, evoke behavioral responses, are potent vasodilators and secretagogues, and contract many smooth muscles
Endocrine hormone of the central and peripheral nervous systems that binds and activates the G protein-coupled receptors GALR1, GALR2, and GALR3.
Gut bactericidal protein that selectively kills Gram-positive bacteria by binding to negatively charged lipids on bacterial membranes, leading to bacterial membrane permeabilization and disruption .
Erythropoietin-derived 11-aa peptide targeting the innate repair receptor (EPOR/CD131) for tissue protection without erythropoiesis.
GHRH(1-29) analog that binds pituitary GHRH receptors to stimulate pulsatile growth hormone release.
C-terminal fragment of human growth hormone studied for lipolytic activity independent of IGF-1 signaling.
Highly glycosylated atypical beta-defensin involved in several aspects of sperm function.
S100A12 is a calcium-, zinc- and copper-binding protein which plays a prominent role in the regulation of inflammatory processes and immune response.
Angiotensin IV-derived small peptide that potentiates HGF/c-Met signaling to drive synaptogenesis in preclinical cognition models.
D-retro-inverso peptide that disrupts FOXO4-p53 interaction to selectively trigger apoptosis in senescent cells (senolytic).
Ligand for neuropeptide Y receptor type 1 and neuropeptide Y receptor type 2 .
Synthetic version of the actin-binding region of thymosin β4; promotes cell migration, angiogenesis, and wound repair.
Single-chain relaxin-2 analog that activates RXFP1 to reduce organ fibrosis without the full hormone's complexity.
Long-acting IGF-1 analog with reduced IGFBP binding, prolonging activation of the IGF-1 receptor to drive muscle hypertrophy.
Matrikine signal peptide that stimulates collagen I, III, and fibronectin synthesis to reduce wrinkle depth in topical use.
Khavinson bioregulator tripeptide (EDR) proposed to modulate neuronal gene expression and protect against oxidative stress.
Tachykinins are active peptides which excite neurons, evoke behavioral responses, are potent vasodilators and secretagogues, and contract many smooth muscles
Chemotactic for neutrophil granulocytes.
Effector molecule of the innate immune system that acts via antibiotic-like properties against a broad array of infectious agents including bacteria, fungi, and viruses .
Soluble ActRIIB-Fc decoy receptor that sequesters myostatin and related ligands; trialed in muscular dystrophy before discontinuation.
Exhibits antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria S.aureus and S.pyogenes, Gram-negative bacteria P.aeruginosa and E.coli and the yeast C.albicans.
Modified C-terminal hGH fragment designed to stimulate lipolysis without growth-promoting or glycemic effects.
Host-defense peptide that has antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative bacteria, and to a lesser extent also against Gram-positive bacteria and fungi .
Host-defense peptide that maintains sterility in the urogenital system .
Neuropeptides that play a significant role in the regulation of food intake and sleep-wakefulness, possibly by coordinating the complex behavioral and physiologic responses of these complementary homeostatic functions.
Indispensable for the control of thyroid structure and metabolism
Satiety factor closely associated with the actions of leptin and neuropeptide Y; this anorectic peptide inhibits both normal and starvation-induced feeding and completely blocks the feeding response induced by neuropepti…
Probable hormone
Has antimicrobial activity against E.coli .
Exhibits antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative bacteria and Gram-positive bacteria, with highest activity against Gram-negative bacteria .
Ribonuclease which shows a preference for the pyrimidines uridine and cytosine .
Has antibacterial activity
Stimulates the secretion of gonadotropins; it stimulates the secretion of both luteinizing and follicle-stimulating hormones
Has antibacterial activity against the Gram-negative bacteria E.coli.
May play an important role in trophoblast development and in the regulation of bone formation
Proapoptotic peptidomimetic that targets the blood supply of white adipose tissue, causing fat reduction in primate studies.
Shared alpha chain of the active heterodimeric glycoprotein hormones thyrotropin/thyroid stimulating hormone/TSH, lutropin/luteinizing hormone/LH, follitropin/follicle stimulating hormone/FSH and choriogonadotropin/CG.
Plays an important role in the regulation of interdigestive gastrointestinal motility and indirectly causes rhythmic contraction of duodenal and colonic smooth muscle
Plays a role as a potent and selective agonist of PTH2R resulting in adenyl cyclase activation and intracellular calcium levels elevation.
Potent vasoconstrictor
Peptide hormone that functions as endogenous ligand for the G protein-coupled apelin receptor , that plays a role in the regulation of normal cardiovascular function and fluid homeostasis .
Has antibacterial activity
Together with the alpha chain CGA constitutes follitropin, the follicle-stimulating hormone, and provides its biological specificity to the hormone heterodimer.
Functions as a heterodimeric glycoprotein hormone with GPHB5 able to bind and activate the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor , leading to increased cAMP production .
Functions as a heterodimeric glycoprotein hormone with GPHA2 able to bind and activate the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor , leading to increased cAMP production.
Promotes spermatogenesis and ovulation by stimulating the testes and ovaries to synthesize steroids
Secretory calcium-dependent phospholipase A2 that primarily targets extracellular phospholipids with implications in host antimicrobial defense, inflammatory response and tissue regeneration .
Stimulates the secretion of gonadotropins; it stimulates the secretion of both luteinizing and follicle-stimulating hormones
Has antimicrobial activity against E.coli .
Has a salt-sensitive antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative bacteria, including E.coli, Gram-positive, including S.aureus, and fungi, including C.albicans.
Has antibacterial activity
Has antibacterial activity
May be involved sperm-egg plasma membrane adhesion and fusion during fertilization .
SNARE-mimetic hexapeptide that mildly inhibits catecholamine/acetylcholine release to soften expression lines ('topical Botox').
Has antimicrobial activity. Synergistic effects with lysozyme and DEFB103
Has antibacterial activity
Has antibacterial activity . Acts as a ligand for C-C chemokine receptor CCR2
Has antibacterial activity
Has antibacterial activity
Has antibacterial activity
Has antibacterial activity
Has antibacterial activity
Has antibacterial activity
Has antibacterial activity
Has antibacterial activity
Has antibacterial activity
Has antibacterial activity
Antimicrobial host-defense peptide.
Antimicrobial host-defense peptide.
Has antibacterial activity . Upon stimulation with lipoteichoic acid, promotes cytokines and chemokines production and secretion
Has antibacterial activity
Has antibacterial activity
Has antibacterial activity
Has antibacterial activity
Has antibacterial activity
CALCB/CGRP2 is a peptide hormone that induces vasodilation mediated by the CALCRL-RAMP1 receptor complex .
Host defense peptide that exhibits antimicrobial activity against both Gram-negative bacteria, such as E.coli and S.typhimurium, and Gram-positive bacteria, such as S.aureus and B.subtilis .
Host defense peptide that exhibits antibacterial and antifungal activity .
Core component of nucleosome. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription…
Core component of nucleosome. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription…
Core component of nucleosome. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription…
Core component of nucleosome. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription…
Core component of nucleosome. Nucleosomes wrap and compact DNA into chromatin, limiting DNA accessibility to the cellular machineries which require DNA as a template. Histones thereby play a central role in transcription…
May have a role in gut contractility or in thymic development and regulation.
A structural component of the cornified envelope of the stratum corneum involved in innate cutaneous host defense .
A structural component of the cornified envelope of the stratum corneum involved in innate cutaneous host defense .
A structural component of the cornified envelope of the stratum corneum involved in innate cutaneous host defense .
Orally active non-peptide ghrelin mimetic that sustains elevated GH and IGF-1 levels for 24 hours per dose.
Stimulates feeding behavior, metabolic rate and locomotor activity and increases blood pressure.
Precursor of oxytocin, a neurohypophyseal hormone that plays a key role in social interactions and neurophysin 1, its carrier protein
Hormone secreted by pancreatic cells that acts as a regulator of pancreatic and gastrointestinal functions probably by signaling through the G protein-coupled receptor NPY4R2
Arginate-salt analog of the BPC-157 sequence marketed for tissue repair; minimal independent published data.
Morphine modulating peptides. Have wide-ranging physiologic effects, including the modulation of morphine-induced analgesia, elevation of arterial blood pressure, and increased somatostatin secretion from the pancreas. N…
Intermedin/ADM2 is a peptide hormone that plays a role as physiological regulator of gastrointestinal and cardiovascular bioactivities mediated by the CALCRL-RAMPs receptor complexes .
Highly cationic protein that has multiple functions.
Has antibacterial activity
Octapeptide extension of Argireline that competes with SNAP-25 in the SNARE complex to reduce muscle contraction and wrinkles.
Inhibits the secretion of pituitary hormones, including that of growth hormone/somatotropin , PRL, ACTH, luteinizing hormone and TSH.
Antibacterial protein. Putative acid-stable proteinase inhibitor