Epitalon
experimentalAlso known as: Epithalon, AEDG, Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly
**Mechanism of Action** Epitalon (Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly) is a synthetic tetrapeptide derived from the pineal gland peptide extract epithalamin. Its primary proposed mechanism involves upregulation of telomerase activity, thereby elongating telomeres and potentially delaying cellular senescence. Additionally, Epitalon is reported to restore age-related declines in pineal melatonin secretion by modulating circadian rhythm gene expression, particularly through interactions with the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. These effects are thought to be mediated via binding to specific nuclear receptors or transcription factors, though precise molecular targets remain under investigation. **Key Research Findings** Preclinical studies in rodent models demonstrate that Epitalon administration extends median lifespan, reduces oxidative stress markers, and improves immune function. In vitro, the peptide induces telomerase activity in human fibroblasts and retinal pigment epithelial cells, correlating with reduced DNA damage accumulation. Notably, a 2020 study (PMID: 32467890) reported that Epitalon restored melatonin rhythmicity in aged rats and suppressed spontaneous tumorigenesis. However, human data are limited to small, non-randomized trials; a 2016 pilot study (PMID: 27534792) observed improved sleep quality and cognitive function in elderly subjects, but lacked placebo controls. No large-scale, double-blind trials have been conducted. **Clinical Relevance** Epitalon remains an experimental compound with no approved therapeutic indications. Its potential applications in age-related disorders (e.g., immunosenescence, circadian disruption) are speculative, and safety data beyond short-term animal studies are insufficient. Regulatory status varies by jurisdiction, but it is not FDA-approved for human use. Given the absence of robust clinical evidence, Epitalon should not be used as a treatment for any condition. For research purposes only — not medical advice.
Key data
C14H22N4O9Research & studies
Nine peptides were identified targeting diverse aging mechanisms including metabolic restoration, telomere biology, tissue repair, and neuroprotection.; FDA-approved peptides demonstrated robust safety profiles from large-scale trials, whereas non-approved peptides lack long-term safety data.; Significant knowledge gaps exist in optimal dosing regimens, combination therapy effects, and biomarkers for monitoring efficacy.
Epitalon extended telomere length in normal cells through hTERT mRNA and telomerase upregulation.; In cancer cells, telomere lengthening occurred via ALT activation.; ALT activity was minimal in normal cells, indicating cancer-specificity.; Telomere extension was dose-dependent in normal epithelial and fibroblast cells.
High glucose exposure delayed wound healing and increased reactive oxygen species while decreasing antioxidant gene expression in ARPE-19 cells.; High glucose induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition and upregulated fibrosis-related genes, contributing to subretinal fibrosis.; Epitalon reversed the delayed wound healing by inhibiting hyperglycemia-induced EMT and fibrosis.; Epitalon shows promise as a therapeutic strategy for diabetic retinopathy, though further mechanistic and safety studies are needed.
Epitalon exhibits geroprotective and neuroendocrine effects via antioxidant, neuroprotective, and antimutagenic mechanisms.; It directly influences melatonin synthesis and alters interleukin-2 mRNA levels.; The peptide modulates mitogenic activity of murine thymocytes and enhances AChE, BuChE, and telomerase enzyme activity.; Physicochemical and structural studies of Epitalon are limited despite extensive biological research.
0.1mM Epitalon reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species in aging oocytes.; Epitalon decreased spindle defects and abnormal cortical granule distribution during 12h and 24h of aging.; Epitalon increased mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial DNA copy number.; Epitalon reduced apoptosis of oocytes by 24h of in vitro aging.
AEDG peptide increased synthesis of neurogenic differentiation markers Nestin, GAP43, Tubulin III, and Doublecortin in hGMSCs.; AEDG peptide elevated mRNA expression of Nestin, GAP43, Tubulin III, and Doublecortin by 1.6-1.8 times.; Molecular modeling showed AEDG peptide binds preferentially to histones H1/6 and H1/3 at specific sites interacting with DNA.; Binding of AEDG peptide to histones may epigenetically enhance transcription of neuronal differentiation genes.
Frequently asked questions
What is Epitalon?
**Mechanism of Action** Epitalon (Ala-Glu-Asp-Gly) is a synthetic tetrapeptide derived from the pineal gland peptide extract epithalamin. Its primary proposed mechanism involves upregulation of telomerase activity, thereby elongating telomeres and potentially delaying cellular senescence. Additionally, Epitalon is repo
How does Epitalon work?
Khavinson tetrapeptide reported to activate telomerase and normalize pineal melatonin rhythms in aging models.
What is the research status of Epitalon?
Epitalon is currently classified as experimental, with 63 research references on record. This is for research purposes only and is not medical advice.
What is the molecular weight of Epitalon?
Epitalon has a molecular weight of approximately 390.35 g/mol (formula C14H22N4O9).
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