Mechano Growth Factor (MGF)

preclinical

Also known as: IGF-1Ec, MGF peptide

Mechano Growth Factor (MGF), also known as IGF-1Ec, is a splice variant of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) that is upregulated in response to mechanical stress or muscle damage. Its mechanism of action involves binding to the IGF-1 receptor, which activates downstream signaling pathways such as PI3K/Akt, leading to enhanced proliferation and activation of muscle satellite cells. This process promotes localized tissue repair and compensatory hypertrophy, distinguishing MGF from systemic IGF-1 isoforms by its rapid, transient expression and autocrine/paracrine effects. Preclinical research, primarily in rodent models, demonstrates that MGF administration or overexpression increases muscle fiber cross-sectional area, accelerates regeneration after injury, and attenuates age-related sarcopenia. Studies also indicate that MGF may exert neuroprotective effects in models of neurodegeneration, though these findings remain preliminary. Notably, MGF’s activity is context-dependent, with its efficacy influenced by the timing of expression relative to mechanical loading or injury. Clinically, MGF has not advanced beyond preclinical investigation, and no human trials have been conducted to date. Its potential applications in muscle wasting disorders, sports injury recovery, and sarcopenia remain speculative. Due to the lack of safety and efficacy data in humans, MGF is not approved for therapeutic use. For research purposes only — not medical advice.

Key data

Category
Muscle & Performance
Administration
subcutaneous, intramuscular
Research status
preclinical
References
194
Tags
igf-splice, satellite-cell, repair

Research & studies

Mechano-growth factor regulates periodontal ligament stem cell proliferation and differentiation through Fyn-RhoA-YAP signaling
Biochemical and biophysical research communications · 2024 · PubMed

MGF promotes PDLSC proliferation and fibrogenic differentiation by inducing Fyn-YAP Y357 phosphorylation.; Fyn activates YAP indirectly through RhoA in response to MGF stimulation.; The Fyn-RhoA-p-YAP Y357 pathway is significant for MGF-mediated PDLSC proliferation and differentiation.

Mechanochemical coupling of MGF mediates periodontal regeneration
Bioengineering & translational medicine · 2023 · PubMed
The role of mechano growth factor in chondrocytes and cartilage defects: a concise review
Acta biochimica et biophysica Sinica · 2023 · PubMed

MGF is highly expressed in chondrocytes of damaged cartilage from trauma or osteoarthritis.; MGF regulates chondrocyte behaviors including proliferation, migration, differentiation, inflammation, and apoptosis.; MGF senses mechanical stimuli and helps maintain cartilage homeostasis under normal joint conditions.; The role of MGF in cartilage development and disease is still controversial and its mechanisms are elusive.

Mechano-growth factor E-domain modulates cardiac contractile function through 14-3-3 protein interactomes
Frontiers in physiology · 2022 · PubMed
Pretreatment with mechano growth factor E peptide attenuates osteoarthritis through improving cell proliferation and extracellular matrix synthesis in chondrocytes under severe hypoxia
International immunopharmacology · 2021 · PubMed
Surface modification of electrospun fibers with mechano-growth factor for mitigating the foreign-body reaction
Bioactive materials · 2021 · PubMed
Mechano growth factor interacts with nucleolin to protect against cisplatin-induced neurotoxicity
Experimental neurology · 2020 · PubMed

Endogenous MGF expression in adult DRG neurons reduced cisplatin-induced thermal hyperalgesia in vivo.; Exogenous MGF and CMGF protected embryonic DRG neurons from cisplatin-induced cell death in vitro.; Nucleolin was identified as a key binding partner of MGF via mass spectroscopy.; Antibodies against nucleolin prevented the neuroprotective effect of MGF and CMGF in culture.

Mechano growth factor, a splice variant of IGF-1, promotes neurogenesis in the aging mouse brain
Molecular brain · 2017 · PubMed

Endogenous MGF expression in neurogenic brain areas declines with age.; Constitutive MGF overexpression increased BrdU+ proliferative cells in the dentate gyrus and subventricular zone.; Conditional MGF overexpression from 1 or 3 months, but not 12 months, increased proliferating cells and mature neurons in olfactory bulbs at 24 months, preserving olfactory function.; In vitro, MGF increased the size and number of neurospheres from SVZ-derived neural stem cells.

Frequently asked questions

What is Mechano Growth Factor (MGF)?

Mechano Growth Factor (MGF), also known as IGF-1Ec, is a splice variant of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) that is upregulated in response to mechanical stress or muscle damage. Its mechanism of action involves binding to the IGF-1 receptor, which activates downstream signaling pathways such as PI3K/Akt, leading t

How does Mechano Growth Factor (MGF) work?

Mechanically activated IGF-1 splice variant that activates muscle satellite cells for repair and hypertrophy.

What is the research status of Mechano Growth Factor (MGF)?

Mechano Growth Factor (MGF) is currently classified as preclinical, with 194 research references on record. This is for research purposes only and is not medical advice.

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