AOD-9604

Also known as: hGH Fragment 177-191 (modified)

**Mechanism of Action:** AOD-9604 is a synthetic peptide derived from the C-terminal region of human growth hormone (hGH; amino acids 177–191), modified to enhance stability and specificity. It selectively activates lipolysis by binding to hGH receptors on adipocytes, stimulating cyclic AMP (cAMP) signaling and hormone-sensitive lipase activity, leading to triglyceride breakdown and free fatty acid release. Unlike full-length hGH, AOD-9604 lacks the N-terminal domain required for IGF-1 induction and insulin-like growth effects, thereby avoiding growth-promoting or glycemic side effects. It does not significantly alter blood glucose or insulin levels. **Key Research Findings:** Preclinical studies in rodent models demonstrate dose-dependent reductions in body fat mass, particularly visceral adipose tissue, without changes in lean body mass or bone growth. In clinical trials, AOD-9604 (typically 300–600 µg/day subcutaneously) has shown modest reductions in waist circumference and body weight in overweight/obese subjects over 8–12 weeks, though results are inconsistent across studies. A Phase II trial reported a 2–3% decrease in total body fat versus placebo, with no adverse effects on glucose homeostasis or growth markers. However, larger Phase III trials have not confirmed significant efficacy, and the peptide remains investigational. **Clinical Relevance:** AOD-9604 is under investigation as a potential anti-obesity agent, particularly for targeting fat loss without the anabolic or diabetogenic risks of hGH. Its safety profile appears favorable in short-term studies, with mild injection-site reactions as the most common adverse event. However, the lack of robust, reproducible efficacy in late-stage trials limits its clinical utility. It is not approved by the FDA or EMA for any indication and is primarily used in research settings. For research purposes only — not medical advice.

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