Semax

Also known as: ACTH (4-7) Pro-Gly-Pro, N-Acetyl Semax

Semax (ACTH(4-7)Pro-Gly-Pro) is a synthetic heptapeptide derived from the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) fragment ACTH(4-10), modified with a C-terminal Pro-Gly-Pro sequence to enhance stability and bioavailability. Its primary mechanism involves upregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the hippocampus and cortex, alongside modulation of the melanocortin system via MC4 and MC5 receptor activation. This dual action promotes neuroplasticity, enhances synaptic transmission, and exerts neuroprotective effects against excitotoxicity and oxidative stress. Semax also influences dopamine and serotonin metabolism, contributing to its cognitive-enhancing and anti-ischemic properties. Key research findings from clinical trials and preclinical studies demonstrate that Semax significantly improves cognitive function, attention, and memory in patients with cerebrovascular disorders, including acute ischemic stroke and chronic cerebral ischemia. In stroke models, it reduces infarct volume and accelerates neurological recovery, while in healthy volunteers, it enhances short-term memory and psychomotor performance. Long-term administration has shown safety and tolerability, with no significant adverse effects reported. Mechanistic studies confirm BDNF elevation as a central mediator of its therapeutic effects, with downstream activation of TrkB signaling and CREB phosphorylation. Clinically, Semax is approved in Russia for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke, cognitive impairment, and optic nerve disorders. Its rapid onset and favorable safety profile make it a candidate for broader neurorehabilitation applications, though regulatory approval outside Russia remains limited. Ongoing research explores its potential in neurodegenerative diseases, traumatic brain injury, and age-related cognitive decline. For research purposes only — not medical advice.

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