Pinealon
experimentalAlso known as: EDR peptide, Glu-Asp-Arg
Pinealon (Glu-Asp-Arg, EDR) is a synthetic tripeptide classified as a Khavinson bioregulator, proposed to exert neuroprotective effects through modulation of gene expression and reduction of oxidative stress. Mechanistically, it is thought to interact with DNA regulatory regions, influencing transcription of genes involved in neuronal survival, synaptic plasticity, and mitochondrial function. Preclinical studies suggest Pinealon may upregulate antioxidant enzymes (e.g., superoxide dismutase, catalase) and suppress pro-apoptotic signaling, thereby attenuating neuronal damage under conditions of hypoxia, excitotoxicity, or aging-related degeneration. Key research findings from experimental models indicate that Pinealon can improve cognitive performance in aged rodents, reduce markers of neuroinflammation, and protect against beta-amyloid-induced toxicity in vitro. Limited studies also report enhanced cerebral blood flow and normalization of neurotransmitter levels (e.g., dopamine, serotonin) in animal models of neurodegeneration. However, these data derive primarily from small-scale, non-randomized preclinical investigations, and reproducibility across independent laboratories remains unconfirmed. Clinical relevance remains speculative, as no large-scale human trials have been published. The peptide is not approved by regulatory agencies for any therapeutic indication. Its proposed applications—such as adjunctive therapy for age-related cognitive decline or stroke recovery—require rigorous validation through controlled clinical studies. For research purposes only — not medical advice.
Key data
C15H26N6O8Research & studies
Combined use of lysyl-glutamyl-asparagin and glutamyl-asparagin-arginine Oligopeptide complexes showed the strongest reduction in biological age.; Therapeutic massage and Oligopeptide preparations were the safest interventions regarding biochemical, immunological, and clinical outcomes.; Dry carbon dioxide baths and hyperbaric oxygen therapy improved biological age but had safety limitations and contraindications.
Vesugen and pinealon had significant anabolic effects and improved central nervous system activity.; Vesugen demonstrated a more visible geroprophylactic effect than pinealon.; Prooxidant activity was detected via chemiluminescence, and CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells decreased.; The peptides did not affect chromatin condensation, suggesting safety at the nuclear genetic level.
Pinealon (Glu-Asp-Arg) increases neurogenesis and reduces neuroinflammatory reactions to reference levels under hypoxic conditions.; Cortexin reduces the ability of brain tissue to undergo programmed cell death during acute hypoxic hypoxia.; Cortexin maintains high levels of interleukin-6 in blood serum.; Both peptides modulate caspase-3 activity and cytokine content in old rats under hypoxia.
Two peptide groups were compared: polypeptide complexes (cortexin, cerebrolizin) and short peptides (semax, kortagen, pinealon).; Clinical application data in elderly and old age people is presented.; Cellular and molecular mechanisms of neuroprotective activity are described.
Regional changes in caspase-3 activity and content were identified in the cerebral cortex and brainstem of young and old rats after peptide treatment.; The functional state of caspase-3 in the brain may determine the animals' ability to learn.; Pinealon had a prevalent positive effect on learning in both young and old rats in the Morris labyrinth compared to cortexin.
Lorry-drivers had higher prevalence of unstable psychic adaptation and borderline mental disorders compared to metal craftsmen.; Occupational hazards and long driving experience were identified as risk factors for borderline mental disorders.; Bioregulating peptides (pinealon and vezugen) significantly improved psychoemotional indices and reduced occupational risk.; Combined application of cytogens was more effective than single agents in restoring adaptive potential.
Unfavorable work factors influence aging and adaptation in locomotive brigade workers.; Pinealon was administered for two weeks at 100 mkg twice daily.; Pinealon improved biological age parameters.; Pinealon enhanced indicators of adaptive reaction effectiveness.
Frequently asked questions
What is Pinealon?
Pinealon (Glu-Asp-Arg, EDR) is a synthetic tripeptide classified as a Khavinson bioregulator, proposed to exert neuroprotective effects through modulation of gene expression and reduction of oxidative stress. Mechanistically, it is thought to interact with DNA regulatory regions, influencing transcription of genes invo
How does Pinealon work?
Khavinson bioregulator tripeptide (EDR) proposed to modulate neuronal gene expression and protect against oxidative stress.
What is the research status of Pinealon?
Pinealon is currently classified as experimental, with 15 research references on record. This is for research purposes only and is not medical advice.
What is the molecular weight of Pinealon?
Pinealon has a molecular weight of approximately 418.4 g/mol (formula C15H26N6O8).
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