Lysozyme C

experimental

Also known as: 1,4-beta-N-acetylmuramidase C, LYZ, P61626

Lysozyme C (1,4-beta-N-acetylmuramidase C, LYZ) exerts its primary mechanism of action through the hydrolysis of the β-1,4 glycosidic bond between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetylglucosamine in bacterial peptidoglycan, leading to cell lysis. Beyond direct bacteriolytic activity, lysozyme C is associated with the monocyte-macrophage system and is thought to enhance the activity of immunoagents, including opsonins and complement, thereby modulating innate immune responses. This dual role positions lysozyme C as both a direct antimicrobial agent and an immunomodulatory molecule. Key research findings indicate that lysozyme C is widely distributed in tissues and body fluids, with elevated levels observed during inflammatory and infectious states. Experimental studies have explored its potential in reducing bacterial load, particularly against Gram-positive pathogens, and its synergistic effects with other antimicrobial peptides or antibiotics. Additionally, lysozyme C has been investigated for its role in wound healing and mucosal defense, though its therapeutic applications remain largely preclinical. Clinically, lysozyme C is considered an experimental agent with no approved therapeutic indications. Its relevance lies primarily in its potential as an adjunctive treatment for infections or inflammatory conditions, but robust human trials are lacking. Further research is needed to establish safety, efficacy, and dosing parameters for any clinical application. For research purposes only — not medical advice.

Key data

Category
Immune Modulation
Sequence
MKALIVLGLVLLSVTVQGKVFERCELARTLKRLGMDGYRGISLANWMCLAKWESGYNTRATNYNAGDRSTDYGIFQINSRYWCNDGKTPGAVNACHLSCSALLQDNIADAVACAKRVVRDPQGIRAWVAWRNRCQNRDVRQYVQGCGV
Molecular weight
162.19 g/mol
Molecular formula
C6H14N2O3
CAS number
1190-94-9
Research status
experimental
References
264
Tags
uniprot, 3d-structure, amyloid, amyloidosis, antimicrobial, bacteriolytic-enzyme, direct-protein-sequencing, disease-variant, disulfide-bond, glycosidase, hydrolase, proteomics-identification

Mechanism of action

Lysozymes have primarily a bacteriolytic function; those in tissues and body fluids are associated with the monocyte-macrophage system and enhance the activity of immunoagents

Research & studies

Lysozyme 1 Inflamed CCR2(+) Macrophages Promote Obesity-Induced Cardiac Dysfunction
Circulation research · 2024 · PubMed

CCR2+ macrophages transition from homeostatic to proinflammatory roles in obesity-induced cardiac dysfunction.; Inducible ablation of CCR2+CX3CR1+ macrophages or deletion of macrophage CCR2 prevents obesity-induced cardiac dysfunction.; Lysozyme 1 acts as a noncanonical transcription activator by binding to the RelA promoter, driving NF-κB signaling and inflammation.; Lysozyme 1 is a potential target for diagnosing and treating obesity-induced heart disease.

Expression characteristics and in vitro antibacterial properties of C-type lysozyme in crucian carp infected with Aeromonas salmonicida
Heliyon · 2024 · PubMed
Milk Fat Globules: 2024 Updates
Newborn (Clarksville, Md.) · 2024 · PubMed

MFGs consist of a triacylglycerol core and a triple membrane containing polar lipids, proteins, glycoproteins, and cholesterol.; MFGs release energy rapidly in the upper gastrointestinal tract and persist to convey bioactive molecules to the colon.; Human and ruminant MFGs differ in size, composition, and specific constituents.; MFGs may be used to enhance neurodevelopment, defend against infections, improve insulin sensitivity, and treat inflammation.

A mouse seminal vesicle-secreted lysozyme c-like protein modulates sperm capacitation
Journal of cellular biochemistry · 2021 · PubMed

SVLLP is a glycoprotein with three glycoforms sharing the same protein core but different N-linked glycans.; SVLLP lacks lysozyme activity due to a mutation (N53S) in one of two essential catalytic residues.; SVLLP is primarily expressed in seminal vesicles and is not regulated by testosterone.; SVLLP suppresses sperm capacitation, inhibits the acrosome reaction, and blocks sperm-oocyte interactions.

Lysozyme c-1 gene is overexpressed in Anopheles albimanus pericardial cells after an immune challenge
Developmental and comparative immunology · 2021 · PubMed

Lysozyme c-1 mRNA is constitutively expressed in the mosquito heart but overexpressed after bacterial injection.; A 14 kDa protein with lytic activity against M. luteus was detected in heart extracts.; mRNA-FISH showed specific hybridization signal in pericardial cells of M. luteus-injected mosquitoes.; This is the first report of an inducible immune factor in Anopheles albimanus pericardial cells.

Cystatin C, Neutrophil Gelatinase-associated Lipocalin, and Lysozyme C: Urinary Biomarkers for Detection of Early Kidney Dysfunction in Children With Urolithiasis
Urology · 2020 · PubMed
Genomic organization and evolution of ruminant lysozyme c genes
Dong wu xue yan jiu = Zoological research · 2015 · PubMed
Oral manifestations of Sjögren's syndrome
Journal of dental research · 2008 · PubMed

Frequently asked questions

What is Lysozyme C?

Lysozyme C (1,4-beta-N-acetylmuramidase C, LYZ) exerts its primary mechanism of action through the hydrolysis of the β-1,4 glycosidic bond between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetylglucosamine in bacterial peptidoglycan, leading to cell lysis. Beyond direct bacteriolytic activity, lysozyme C is associated with the monoc

How does Lysozyme C work?

Lysozymes have primarily a bacteriolytic function; those in tissues and body fluids are associated with the monocyte-macrophage system and enhance the activity of immunoagents

What is the research status of Lysozyme C?

Lysozyme C is currently classified as experimental, with 264 research references on record. This is for research purposes only and is not medical advice.

What is the molecular weight of Lysozyme C?

Lysozyme C has a molecular weight of approximately 162.19 g/mol (formula C6H14N2O3).

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