Tuberoinfundibular peptide of 39 residues
experimentalAlso known as: Parathyroid hormone 2, PTH2, Q96A98
Tuberoinfundibular peptide of 39 residues (TIP39), also known as parathyroid hormone 2 (PTH2), is a neuropeptide that acts as a potent and selective agonist for the parathyroid hormone 2 receptor (PTH2R). Its primary mechanism involves binding to PTH2R, which is a G protein-coupled receptor, leading to activation of adenyl cyclase and subsequent elevation of intracellular cyclic AMP levels. Additionally, TIP39 signaling can increase intracellular calcium concentrations, likely through downstream pathways involving phospholipase C. This dual signaling distinguishes TIP39 from parathyroid hormone (PTH), which primarily activates PTH1R. Research on TIP39 remains at an experimental stage, with limited PubMed-indexed studies (3 references). Key findings indicate that TIP39 is predominantly expressed in the central nervous system, particularly in regions such as the hypothalamus and brainstem, suggesting roles in neuroendocrine regulation and pain modulation. Preclinical studies have implicated TIP39 in stress responses, thermoregulation, and nociception, though its precise physiological functions are not fully characterized. The peptide's selective activation of PTH2R, which has a distinct tissue distribution from PTH1R, highlights its potential as a tool for dissecting PTH receptor signaling pathways. Clinically, TIP39 has no established therapeutic applications, and its relevance is confined to basic research. The limited number of studies and experimental status preclude any translational conclusions. Further investigation is needed to clarify its role in human physiology and disease, particularly in neurological or endocrine contexts. For research purposes only — not medical advice.
Key data
METRQVSRSPRVRLLLLLLLLLVVPWGVRTASGVALPPVGVLSLRPPGRAWADPATPRPRRSLALADDAAFRERARLLAALERRHWLNSYMHKLLVLDAPMechanism of action
Plays a role as a potent and selective agonist of PTH2R resulting in adenyl cyclase activation and intracellular calcium levels elevation. Induces protein kinase C beta activation, recruitment of beta-arrestin and PTH2R internalization. May inhibit cell proliferation via its action on PTH2R activation. Neuropeptide which may also have a role in spermatogenesis. May activate nociceptors and nociceptive circuits
Research & studies
TIP39 is a small peptide from the PTH-related family that specifically binds PTH2R and regulates mood, maternal behavior, and social functions.; The review hypothesizes TIP39 as a common pathway linking depressive mood and maternal behavior deficits in PPD.; TIP39's multifunctional nature suggests it could be a promising therapeutic target for PPD treatment.
Mice lacking TIP39 signaling show enhanced fear recall after a traumatic event.; These mice also display increased anxiety and depression-like behavior two weeks later.; TIP39 is suggested to modulate long-term fear memory and limit consequences of aversive experiences.
Frequently asked questions
What is Tuberoinfundibular peptide of 39 residues?
Tuberoinfundibular peptide of 39 residues (TIP39), also known as parathyroid hormone 2 (PTH2), is a neuropeptide that acts as a potent and selective agonist for the parathyroid hormone 2 receptor (PTH2R). Its primary mechanism involves binding to PTH2R, which is a G protein-coupled receptor, leading to activation of ad
How does Tuberoinfundibular peptide of 39 residues work?
Plays a role as a potent and selective agonist of PTH2R resulting in adenyl cyclase activation and intracellular calcium levels elevation. Induces protein kinase C beta activation, recruitment of beta-arrestin and PTH2R internalization. May inhibit cell proliferation via its action on PTH2R activation. Neuropeptide which may also have a role in spermatogenesis. May activate nociceptors and nocicep
What is the research status of Tuberoinfundibular peptide of 39 residues?
Tuberoinfundibular peptide of 39 residues is currently classified as experimental, with 3 research references on record. This is for research purposes only and is not medical advice.
What is the molecular weight of Tuberoinfundibular peptide of 39 residues?
Tuberoinfundibular peptide of 39 residues has a molecular weight of approximately 11202 g/mol.
Related peptides
CNTF-derived peptidergic compound that promotes neurogenesis and reduces tau pathology in preclinical Alzheimer's models.
33-aa hypothalamic neuropeptide acting on OX1/OX2 receptors to promote wakefulness and arousal.
Porcine brain-derived peptide preparation with neurotrophic-factor-like activity studied in stroke, TBI, and dementia.
Ligand for NPSR1 . Binds to its receptor with nanomolar affinity and initiates a G /GNAQ-dependent phospholipase C-activating signaling pathway. This results in Ca mobilization from intracellular stores and increased int…
NCAM-derived FG-loop peptide that activates FGFR1 to enhance synaptic plasticity and memory in animal models.
May function as an output molecule from the suprachiasmatic nucleus that transmits behavioral circadian rhythm.
Build on Tuberoinfundibular peptide of 39 residues data programmatically
Structured peptide data, semantic search, and AI summaries via one API.
Get a free API key