Resistin-like beta
experimentalAlso known as: Colon and small intestine-specific cysteine-rich protein, Colon carcinoma-related gene protein, Cysteine-rich secreted protein A12-alpha-like 1, Cysteine-rich secreted protein FIZZ2, RELMbeta, RETNLB, Q9BQ08
Resistin-like beta (RELMβ), encoded by the *RETNLB* gene, is a cysteine-rich secreted protein predominantly expressed in the colon and small intestine. Its mechanism of action is not fully elucidated but is classified as a probable hormone, with evidence suggesting it functions as a signaling molecule in mucosal immunity and epithelial homeostasis. RELMβ is thought to modulate inflammatory responses by influencing macrophage activation and cytokine production, and it may also play a role in insulin resistance and energy metabolism, similar to its homolog resistin. The protein is secreted into the intestinal lumen and can act locally or systemically, though specific receptors and downstream pathways remain under investigation. Key research findings, based on limited experimental studies, indicate that RELMβ expression is upregulated in response to bacterial colonization, parasitic infection, and inflammatory stimuli in the gut. It has been implicated in promoting type 2 immune responses, including eosinophil recruitment and goblet cell hyperplasia, and may contribute to intestinal barrier function. Additionally, elevated RELMβ levels have been observed in colorectal carcinoma tissues, suggesting a potential role in tumorigenesis or cancer-associated inflammation. However, the small number of available studies (8 PubMed references) underscores the experimental nature of this research, with most data derived from animal models or in vitro systems. Clinically, RELMβ is not yet validated as a biomarker or therapeutic target. Its potential relevance lies in gastrointestinal inflammatory diseases (e.g., colitis), metabolic disorders, and colorectal cancer, but no human trials or diagnostic applications exist. The experimental status and limited evidence preclude any clinical recommendations. For research purposes only — not medical advice.
Key data
MGPSSCLLLILIPLLQLINPGSTQCSLDSVMDKKIKDVLNSLEYSPSPISKKLSCASVKSQGRPSSCPAGMAVTGCACGYGCGSWDVQLETTCHCQCSVVDWTTARCCHLTMechanism of action
Probable hormone
Research & studies
RETNLB expression is significantly reduced in CRC biopsies compared to healthy mucosa.; Lower RETNLB levels correlate with higher TNM grade and older patient age.; Positive correlation between low RETNLB and mutations in KRAS, TP53, and BRAF.; Patients with poor 5-year prognosis and those receiving adjuvant therapy show lower RETNLB expression.
Reg4+ DCS cell numbers doubled in distal colons of Spry2IE mice, with increased DCS marker expression.; Single-cell transcriptomics identified Retnlb/RELMβ as highly enriched in DCS cells, with increased expression in Spry2IE colons.; IL13, but not IL33, directly induced Reg4 and Retnlb expression in colonic organoids, and IL33-mediated DCS expansion required IL13 in vivo.; Loss of epithelial Sprouty2 activates type II innate lymphoid cells to release IL13, driving DCS cell expansion and elevated colonic RELMβ levels.
RETNLB is overexpressed in oral squamous cell carcinoma tissues and cells.; High RETNLB expression is associated with advanced pathological tumor stage and poor patient survival.; Knockdown of RETNLB reduces cell viability, migration, and invasion.; RETNLB silencing suppresses TLR2, TLR4, and phospho-ERK protein levels.
Frequently asked questions
What is Resistin-like beta?
Resistin-like beta (RELMβ), encoded by the *RETNLB* gene, is a cysteine-rich secreted protein predominantly expressed in the colon and small intestine. Its mechanism of action is not fully elucidated but is classified as a probable hormone, with evidence suggesting it functions as a signaling molecule in mucosal immuni
How does Resistin-like beta work?
Probable hormone
What is the research status of Resistin-like beta?
Resistin-like beta is currently classified as experimental, with 8 research references on record. This is for research purposes only and is not medical advice.
What is the molecular weight of Resistin-like beta?
Resistin-like beta has a molecular weight of approximately 11730 g/mol.
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