Progonadoliberin-2
experimentalAlso known as: Progonadoliberin II, GNRH2, O43555
Progonadoliberin-2, also known as gonadotropin-releasing hormone II (GnRH-II), is a decapeptide encoded by the *GNRH2* gene. Its primary mechanism of action involves binding to the GnRH II receptor (GnRHR-II), a G-protein-coupled receptor, to stimulate the secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) from the anterior pituitary. Unlike the classical GnRH-I, GnRH-II exhibits broader tissue expression, including in the brain, placenta, and reproductive organs, suggesting additional neuromodulatory or paracrine roles beyond pituitary gonadotropin release. Current research on Progonadoliberin-2 remains experimental, with limited in vitro and animal studies. Key findings indicate that GnRH-II may modulate reproductive behavior, placental function, and tumor cell proliferation in certain cancers (e.g., endometrial and ovarian). However, its physiological significance in humans is not fully established, as GnRH-II signaling appears less potent than GnRH-I in driving gonadotropin secretion. The five PubMed references available primarily focus on comparative receptor pharmacology and tissue-specific expression patterns. Clinically, Progonadoliberin-2 has no approved therapeutic applications. Its potential relevance lies in understanding reproductive disorders, such as infertility or hormone-dependent cancers, where differential GnRH receptor activation may offer novel targets. However, due to the scarcity of human data and the experimental status of the peptide, its translational value remains speculative. For research purposes only — not medical advice.
Key data
MASSRRGLLLLLLLTAHLGPSEAQHWSHGWYPGGKRALSSAQDPQNALRPPGRALDTAAGSPVQTAHGLPSDALAPLDDSMPWEGRTTAQWSLHRKRHLARTLLTAAREPRPAPPSSNKVMechanism of action
Stimulates the secretion of gonadotropins; it stimulates the secretion of both luteinizing and follicle-stimulating hormones
Research & studies
GnRH1, GnRH2, and LH receptors are present in the gastrointestinal tract of humans and rats, affecting motility, hormone secretion, and cell proliferation.; Treatment with GnRH analogs can cause severe gastrointestinal dysmotility and reduce enteric neurons, as modeled in rats using buserelin.; Autoantibodies against GnRH1, GnRH2 precursor, and GnRH receptor are found in patients with irritable bowel syndrome and dysmotility, even without GnRH analog treatment.
Seven patients with severe gastrointestinal complaints after GnRH treatment were identified, six of whom had endometriosis.; The minor allele G at LHCGR polymorphism rs6755901 was homozygous in 28.5% of patients with chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction vs. 5.5% of IVF controls.; IgM antibodies against progonadoliberin-2 or GnRH1 were detected in 42.9% of patients (titer >97.5th percentile of blood donors).
IgM antibodies against GnRH1, progonadoliberin-2, and GnRH receptors were more prevalent in patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders, gastrointestinal dysmotility, or diabetes mellitus.; IgG antibodies against these peptides and LH- and LH receptor antibodies were expressed at similar levels in patients and controls.; Improved ELISA for GnRH1 and newly developed ELISAs for other targets were used to assess antibody expression.
Frequently asked questions
What is Progonadoliberin-2?
Progonadoliberin-2, also known as gonadotropin-releasing hormone II (GnRH-II), is a decapeptide encoded by the *GNRH2* gene. Its primary mechanism of action involves binding to the GnRH II receptor (GnRHR-II), a G-protein-coupled receptor, to stimulate the secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating
How does Progonadoliberin-2 work?
Stimulates the secretion of gonadotropins; it stimulates the secretion of both luteinizing and follicle-stimulating hormones
What is the research status of Progonadoliberin-2?
Progonadoliberin-2 is currently classified as experimental, with 5 research references on record. This is for research purposes only and is not medical advice.
What is the molecular weight of Progonadoliberin-2?
Progonadoliberin-2 has a molecular weight of approximately 12918 g/mol.
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